Wednesday 24 November 2010
Monday 12 April 2010
Portfolio Task 3
2.Choosing a particular period from 1800 to the present, in what ways has art or design responded to the changing social and cultural forces of that period? (2 specific examples)
Peter Darman (2008) 'Posters of World War II: Allied and Axis Propaganda 1939-1945' London, The Brown Reference Group
Zbynek Zeman (1978) 'Selling The War: Art and Propaganda in World War 2' London, Orbis
Lynton N. (2009) 'Tatlin’s Tower: Monument to Revolution' 1st Ed. London, Yale University Press
Chris Trueman (2000) ‘Propaganda in Nazi Germany’ [Internet] Available from: < http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/propaganda_in_nazi_germany.htm > (Accessed January 20th 2010)
Peter Litwin (2002)'The Russian Revolution' [Internet] Available from: < http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/russianrevolution.htm > (Accessed January 20th 2010)
(HTML messed up my URL links)
Peter Darman (2008) 'Posters of World War II: Allied and Axis Propaganda 1939-1945' London, The Brown Reference Group
Zbynek Zeman (1978) 'Selling The War: Art and Propaganda in World War 2' London, Orbis
Lynton N. (2009) 'Tatlin’s Tower: Monument to Revolution' 1st Ed. London, Yale University Press
Chris Trueman (2000) ‘Propaganda in Nazi Germany’ [Internet] Available from: < http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/propaganda_in_nazi_germany.htm > (Accessed January 20th 2010)
Peter Litwin (2002)'The Russian Revolution' [Internet] Available from: < http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/russianrevolution.htm > (Accessed January 20th 2010)
(HTML messed up my URL links)
Post Modernity & The Mass Media
Lecture Notes - 16/12/09
Post Modernist = Response to Modernism
Post Modern condition is characterised by;
- Exhaustion
- Pluralism
- Pessimism
- Disillusionment with the idea of absolute knowledge
Some overlaps with Modernism (Modern life/Technology/New Materials/Communication)
Modernism is an expression of the above whereas PostModernism is a reaction.
Origin;
1917 - German writer Rudolph Pannwitz, spoke of ‘nihilistic, amoral, postmodern men’
1964 - Leslie Fielder described a ‘post’ culture, which rejected the elitist values of Modern Culture
Post Modernism truly began in the 1960's
Uses of the term postmodern;
- after modernism
- the historical era following the modern
- contra modernism
- equivalent to ‘late capitalism’(Jameson)
- artistic and stylistic eclecticism
- ‘global village’ phenomena: globalization of cultures, races, images, capital, products
Post Modernism reflected alot in Architectural development. Demolition of "Modernist" buildings. Alot of what we see today, originating from Modernism, can be considered unsightly and unwanted (blocks of flats). There is appeal, again, for aesthetics znd complexity over functionality.
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim museum, Bilbao, 1997
Las Vegas is purposefully built tacky. It's an opposition for the Modernist devlopments of Paris and New York. Vegas has a self aware attitude of it's money making purpose. Self awareness is a trait of Post Modernity, a type of self indulgence compared to Modernity's "ultimate functionality, understanding, utopian, simplicty".
Reality televison is seen as Post Modern. Big Brother and Quiz shows about Quiz shows are self referential.
Roy Lichtensteins Brush Stroke Artwork is a mock of tradtional art. Questions paiting as the "highest" form of art work. It is also mass produced as to devalue art.
Post Modernist = Response to Modernism
Post Modern condition is characterised by;
- Exhaustion
- Pluralism
- Pessimism
- Disillusionment with the idea of absolute knowledge
Some overlaps with Modernism (Modern life/Technology/New Materials/Communication)
Modernism is an expression of the above whereas PostModernism is a reaction.
Origin;
1917 - German writer Rudolph Pannwitz, spoke of ‘nihilistic, amoral, postmodern men’
1964 - Leslie Fielder described a ‘post’ culture, which rejected the elitist values of Modern Culture
Post Modernism truly began in the 1960's
Uses of the term postmodern;
- after modernism
- the historical era following the modern
- contra modernism
- equivalent to ‘late capitalism’(Jameson)
- artistic and stylistic eclecticism
- ‘global village’ phenomena: globalization of cultures, races, images, capital, products
Post Modernism reflected alot in Architectural development. Demolition of "Modernist" buildings. Alot of what we see today, originating from Modernism, can be considered unsightly and unwanted (blocks of flats). There is appeal, again, for aesthetics znd complexity over functionality.
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim museum, Bilbao, 1997
Las Vegas is purposefully built tacky. It's an opposition for the Modernist devlopments of Paris and New York. Vegas has a self aware attitude of it's money making purpose. Self awareness is a trait of Post Modernity, a type of self indulgence compared to Modernity's "ultimate functionality, understanding, utopian, simplicty".
Reality televison is seen as Post Modern. Big Brother and Quiz shows about Quiz shows are self referential.
Roy Lichtensteins Brush Stroke Artwork is a mock of tradtional art. Questions paiting as the "highest" form of art work. It is also mass produced as to devalue art.
The Document
Lecture Notes - 09/12/09
Based alot on Photography
(Photography as a social activist)
Photography with a purpose vs Neutral photography
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1826) ‘View from a window at La Gras’ (earliest photo)
James Nachtwey (.com)
Photographers have not always been explicit about their role.
William Edward Kilburn (1848)
Photography always has a reason
Roger Fenton (1855)
Remnants of a battle
Neutral photograph is a myth.
Cartier Bresson
Jacob Riis (1888) Bandits Roost
Jacob Riis (1887) Growler gang in session
Lewis Hine (1908) Russian Steel workers
Lewis Hine (1908) Child labourers
FSA Photographers (1935 - 44)
Early forms of photo journalism during American Depression. Used shooting script.
Sharecroppers Home (1931)
Russell Lee (1939)
Dorothea Lange (1936)
Designed to reference art history 'Madonna and Child'
Walker Evans + Floyd Burroughs
Robert Frank (1958) Parade Hoboken
Carl Damman (1870 -1)
Cesare Lambroso (1890)
Robert Capa - Normandy 1945 (Dramatic blur?)
Magnum Group
Founded 1947 by Cartier Bresson + Capa
Documenting the World and social problems
Internationalism and Mobility
Each photograher has a very different style
Robert Capa "The Falling Soldier" 1936 (Staged photo?)
Hung Cong Ut (1972) 'Accidental napalm attack'
Don McCullin (1968) 'Shell shocked soldier'
Robert Haeberle (1969)
William Klein 1954 - 55 St Patricks day 5th Avenue
Bernd and Hilla Becher (worked for over 40 years)
Conceptual Art
Richard Long (1981) A long line + tracks in Bolivia
Critical Realism
Bertolt Brecht (1931)
(Narration vs Description)
Allan Sekula - Fish Story
Andreas Gursky (1999) 99 Cent
Jeff Wall (1992) Dead Troops Talk
Gillian Wesring (1992 - 3)
(Signs that say what you want them to say)
Jeremy Deller (2001) The Battle of Orgreave
Don McPhea.
Key Features of Document Photography;
- They offer a humanitarian perspective
- They tend to portray social & political situations
- They purport to be objective to the facts of the situation
- People tend to form the subject matter
- The images tend to be straightforward & unmanipulated
Based alot on Photography
(Photography as a social activist)
Photography with a purpose vs Neutral photography
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1826) ‘View from a window at La Gras’ (earliest photo)
James Nachtwey (.com)
Photographers have not always been explicit about their role.
William Edward Kilburn (1848)
Photography always has a reason
Roger Fenton (1855)
Remnants of a battle
Neutral photograph is a myth.
Cartier Bresson
Jacob Riis (1888) Bandits Roost
Jacob Riis (1887) Growler gang in session
Lewis Hine (1908) Russian Steel workers
Lewis Hine (1908) Child labourers
FSA Photographers (1935 - 44)
Early forms of photo journalism during American Depression. Used shooting script.
Sharecroppers Home (1931)
Russell Lee (1939)
Dorothea Lange (1936)
Designed to reference art history 'Madonna and Child'
Walker Evans + Floyd Burroughs
Robert Frank (1958) Parade Hoboken
Carl Damman (1870 -1)
Cesare Lambroso (1890)
Robert Capa - Normandy 1945 (Dramatic blur?)
Magnum Group
Founded 1947 by Cartier Bresson + Capa
Documenting the World and social problems
Internationalism and Mobility
Each photograher has a very different style
Robert Capa "The Falling Soldier" 1936 (Staged photo?)
Hung Cong Ut (1972) 'Accidental napalm attack'
Don McCullin (1968) 'Shell shocked soldier'
Robert Haeberle (1969)
William Klein 1954 - 55 St Patricks day 5th Avenue
Bernd and Hilla Becher (worked for over 40 years)
Conceptual Art
Richard Long (1981) A long line + tracks in Bolivia
Critical Realism
Bertolt Brecht (1931)
(Narration vs Description)
Allan Sekula - Fish Story
Andreas Gursky (1999) 99 Cent
Jeff Wall (1992) Dead Troops Talk
Gillian Wesring (1992 - 3)
(Signs that say what you want them to say)
Jeremy Deller (2001) The Battle of Orgreave
Don McPhea.
Key Features of Document Photography;
- They offer a humanitarian perspective
- They tend to portray social & political situations
- They purport to be objective to the facts of the situation
- People tend to form the subject matter
- The images tend to be straightforward & unmanipulated
The Mass Media & Society
Lecture Notes - 02/12/09
Gutenburg's printing press (1450) began mass production. (Typesetting)
Computer Literacy. Desktops and electronic printing have progressed very rapidly and over taken "archaic" methods of print.
Search engines, Hyperlinks - Massess of information available to billions of people, constructed by just as small amount of people. Could be biased in that case.
"eBook" - May cause print to become obsolete due to information being available digitally and in handheld form.
Negative Criticism;
1. Superficial, uncritical, trivial.
2. Viewing figures measure success
3. Audience is dispersed
4. Audience is disempowered
5. Encourages the Status Quo (conservative)
6. Encourages apathy
7. Power held by the few motivated by profit or social control (propaganda)
8. Bland, Escapist and Standardised
9. Encourages escapism, seen as a drug which anaesthetises us
Positive Criticism;
1. Not all mass media is of low quality,
2. Social problems and injustices are discussed by the media
3. Creativity can be a feature of mass media
4. Transmission of high art material reaches a broader audience
5. Democratic potential
Marcus Harvey - Myra (1995)
"Celebritised" Myra Hindley, a serial killer. Using controversial methods (childrens handprints) to manipulate the mass media into promoting his work.
Gutenburg's printing press (1450) began mass production. (Typesetting)
Computer Literacy. Desktops and electronic printing have progressed very rapidly and over taken "archaic" methods of print.
Search engines, Hyperlinks - Massess of information available to billions of people, constructed by just as small amount of people. Could be biased in that case.
"eBook" - May cause print to become obsolete due to information being available digitally and in handheld form.
Negative Criticism;
1. Superficial, uncritical, trivial.
2. Viewing figures measure success
3. Audience is dispersed
4. Audience is disempowered
5. Encourages the Status Quo (conservative)
6. Encourages apathy
7. Power held by the few motivated by profit or social control (propaganda)
8. Bland, Escapist and Standardised
9. Encourages escapism, seen as a drug which anaesthetises us
Positive Criticism;
1. Not all mass media is of low quality,
2. Social problems and injustices are discussed by the media
3. Creativity can be a feature of mass media
4. Transmission of high art material reaches a broader audience
5. Democratic potential
Marcus Harvey - Myra (1995)
"Celebritised" Myra Hindley, a serial killer. Using controversial methods (childrens handprints) to manipulate the mass media into promoting his work.
Advertising, Publicity & The Media
Lecture Notes - 25/11/09
Advertising - Influences and effects us all, subconciously look at adverts throught everyday life and society.
Advertising persuades us that objects will have a dramatic impact on our lives. Perfume and clothes for example. Furniture.
- Sells Lifestyle
- Stops people being happy with their life as it is, spending money is the only way to better it
- Aspirational
- Emancipation = Spending/Consumption
Judith Williamson - " To succeed in life and be liberated people we must consume"
Karl Marx - Consumerism theory
Commodity Fetishm;
Clothes you wear, items you own, "ailenation from our real lives"
Layer of fetish value
Reification;
A by product of Commodity Fetishism. Advertised products themselves have a sexual appeal, Humans become more objectified.
False Need;
Advertising works through instilling us
False Needs - Novelty (Up to the minute)
False Needs - Idols (Celebrities, fashion)
False Needs - Symbolic Association
False Needs - Belonging, Togetherness, 'Happy Family'
Ideology;
A system of ideas. A way of thinking about the world. A system of ideas/beliefs which gave us a false conciousness about the world.
We are taught what we think about the world by various ideologies. Religion, for example.
Advertising - Influences and effects us all, subconciously look at adverts throught everyday life and society.
Advertising persuades us that objects will have a dramatic impact on our lives. Perfume and clothes for example. Furniture.
- Sells Lifestyle
- Stops people being happy with their life as it is, spending money is the only way to better it
- Aspirational
- Emancipation = Spending/Consumption
Judith Williamson - " To succeed in life and be liberated people we must consume"
Karl Marx - Consumerism theory
Commodity Fetishm;
Clothes you wear, items you own, "ailenation from our real lives"
Layer of fetish value
Reification;
A by product of Commodity Fetishism. Advertised products themselves have a sexual appeal, Humans become more objectified.
False Need;
Advertising works through instilling us
False Needs - Novelty (Up to the minute)
False Needs - Idols (Celebrities, fashion)
False Needs - Symbolic Association
False Needs - Belonging, Togetherness, 'Happy Family'
Ideology;
A system of ideas. A way of thinking about the world. A system of ideas/beliefs which gave us a false conciousness about the world.
We are taught what we think about the world by various ideologies. Religion, for example.
Graphic Design: A Medium For The Masses
Lecture Notes - 18/11/09
Giotto di Bondone c1305.
Original graphic design - Paintings can be understood by illiterate people of the time.
"Steven Heller - Looking Closer" (Book/Essays)
Wassily Kadinski - Goes on to teach at Bauhaus and important painter.
Germans and Russians were way ahead of the British in terms of art (abstract etc...)
Bauhaus model courses at colleges around the world (Europe in particular)
Herbert Matter - (Swiss) Very advanced and influential artist towards todays standards.
1927 - Cassandre - Graphic Designers allowed to sign their work and be celebrated.
1933 - Hitler comes into power and shuts down Bauhaus, artists move (flee) to America.
Hitler was a failed artist, tried 3 times to get into Art College.
Graphic Design enlist posters;
(James Montgomery Flagg,
I want you for U.S. army, 1917, poster)
+
(Alfred Leete, Britons [Kitchener]
wants you!, 1914, poster)
Alot of Graphic Design emerged during times of War and Political Dispute.
Britain and America in the post war era began to embrace more modernist Graphic Design.
1950's - Pop Art emergence etc & Technologies (screen printing etc)
1970's - Graphic Design was used alot in the Music Industry
1980 - Magazine Covers "THE FACE"
David Carson, Graphic Designer;
80's & 90's bands had awkward sleeve designs to purposefully look lacklustre.
1989 - Adbusters - "a global network of artists, activists, writers, pranksters, students, educators and entrepreneurs who want to advance the new social activist movement of the information age."
Giotto di Bondone c1305.
Original graphic design - Paintings can be understood by illiterate people of the time.
"Steven Heller - Looking Closer" (Book/Essays)
Wassily Kadinski - Goes on to teach at Bauhaus and important painter.
Germans and Russians were way ahead of the British in terms of art (abstract etc...)
Bauhaus model courses at colleges around the world (Europe in particular)
Herbert Matter - (Swiss) Very advanced and influential artist towards todays standards.
1927 - Cassandre - Graphic Designers allowed to sign their work and be celebrated.
1933 - Hitler comes into power and shuts down Bauhaus, artists move (flee) to America.
Hitler was a failed artist, tried 3 times to get into Art College.
Graphic Design enlist posters;
(James Montgomery Flagg,
I want you for U.S. army, 1917, poster)
+
(Alfred Leete, Britons [Kitchener]
wants you!, 1914, poster)
Alot of Graphic Design emerged during times of War and Political Dispute.
Britain and America in the post war era began to embrace more modernist Graphic Design.
1950's - Pop Art emergence etc & Technologies (screen printing etc)
1970's - Graphic Design was used alot in the Music Industry
1980 - Magazine Covers "THE FACE"
David Carson, Graphic Designer;
80's & 90's bands had awkward sleeve designs to purposefully look lacklustre.
1989 - Adbusters - "a global network of artists, activists, writers, pranksters, students, educators and entrepreneurs who want to advance the new social activist movement of the information age."
Modernity, Modernism & Mass Culture
Lecture Notes 11/11/2009
1760 - 1960 "200 year Modernist project/Modernism"
"Modernise" - Make something new/make something better. Positive connotations - Progressive, cutting edge, improved. Modern is to be, somewhat, good.
"Modernism" - Individuals subjective ideals.
"Modernist" - Anti historicism, truth to materials, form following function, technology, internationalism.
Paris 1900 - Most advanced, worlds first modern city
Paris 1889 - Expedition Paris - Eiffel Tower
(Urbanisation) Troittor Roullant - Electric Moving Walkway, Railways, Factory work over Rural work
No standard world time before 1912, Trains caused standard world time.
Enlightenment - Shift in civilisation (ditching superstition and Religion)
Secularisation - We look to ourselves, not religion.
Impressionism showcased a lot of Urbanisation and modern features.
Modernity brought trains, stemaships, huge iron bridges and class division.
"Flaneur" - Displaying Wealth
"Swimming" New social relations
Modern Science picturing the world.
Advent of Factory/Shift work. Our lives organised around work.
New York City - Designed for modernism, organised grid layouts.
Modernism is an international language; "Everybody understands the Skyscraper"
Modernist Cutlery being an example of modern design. Concrete, another Modernist invention.
Bauhaus - Art and Design school which revolutionised 20th Century Art. Concrete, new materials, reinforced glass, Futura Font.
Modernist design is not personal - "Neutral"
1760 - 1960 "200 year Modernist project/Modernism"
"Modernise" - Make something new/make something better. Positive connotations - Progressive, cutting edge, improved. Modern is to be, somewhat, good.
"Modernism" - Individuals subjective ideals.
"Modernist" - Anti historicism, truth to materials, form following function, technology, internationalism.
Paris 1900 - Most advanced, worlds first modern city
Paris 1889 - Expedition Paris - Eiffel Tower
(Urbanisation) Troittor Roullant - Electric Moving Walkway, Railways, Factory work over Rural work
No standard world time before 1912, Trains caused standard world time.
Enlightenment - Shift in civilisation (ditching superstition and Religion)
Secularisation - We look to ourselves, not religion.
Impressionism showcased a lot of Urbanisation and modern features.
Modernity brought trains, stemaships, huge iron bridges and class division.
"Flaneur" - Displaying Wealth
"Swimming" New social relations
Modern Science picturing the world.
Advent of Factory/Shift work. Our lives organised around work.
New York City - Designed for modernism, organised grid layouts.
Modernism is an international language; "Everybody understands the Skyscraper"
Modernist Cutlery being an example of modern design. Concrete, another Modernist invention.
Bauhaus - Art and Design school which revolutionised 20th Century Art. Concrete, new materials, reinforced glass, Futura Font.
Modernist design is not personal - "Neutral"
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